Notes 3/26

John F Kennedy Notes
President John F Kennedy is dressed formally for a ceremony that is taking place in which people stood to welcome him. The way he speaks to the audience makes you intrigued to listen to what he has to say. He shows confidence letting the crowd know that they can trust he and let him be the center of attention. It gives him a sort of authority. In parts of his speech he uses his hands as he is talking; this suggests that he is passionate about what he is talking about and to emphasize what he is saying. He also acknowledges  all sides of the crowd by turning to look at them directly. "We choose to do these things not because they are easy but because they are hard." Kennedy addresses the nations problems and tells the public the ways in which he wants to resolve them. He speaks generously of the schools and the city. He introduces the topic of space and traveling to the moon. He mentions his ideas for the economy and ways to better it. "For the eyes of the world are now looking to space."

Examples:
Ethos- Confident, well dressed, presentable
Pathos- talks more about what he is excited for, uses his hands as he talks, turns to all sides of the audience
Logos- "We choose to do these things not because they are easy but because they are hard.", states facts, talks about the nations accomplishments

Ethos, pathos and logos

Ethos: (Credibility or Ethical appeal) the character or identity of a person -convincing by the character of the author

Pathos: (Emotional) shows the passion in which people speak -persuading by appealing to the readers emotions

Logos: (Logical) how well supported is the persons argument -persuading by the use of reasoning deductive/inductive reasoning

Favorite 5 Fallacies

1. Straw man: This is the fallacy of refuting a caricatured or extreme version of somebody's argument, rather than the actual argument they've made.

 2. Argumentum ad populum: (argument or appeal to the public) This is the fallacy of trying to prove something by showing that the public agrees with you.

 

3.Argumentum ad numerum: (argument or appeal to numbers) This fallacy is the attempt to prove something by showing how many people think that it's true.

4.Argumentum ad logicam: (argument to logic) This is the fallacy of assuming that something is false simply because a proof or argument that someone has offered for it is invalid; this reasoning is fallacious because there may be another proof or argument that successfully supports the proposition. 

5. Argumentum ad hominem: (argument directed at the person) This is the error of attacking the character or motives of a person who has stated an idea, rather than the idea itself. 

10 Topics Worth Debating

-Feminism

-Abortion

-Sexuality

-Racism

-Police Brutality

-Child Discipline

-Technology (+/-)

-Assisted Suicide

-Mental Illness [stigma]

-Cannabis

Arguing

-An argument is a search for the truth

-Coming to an understanding

-TRUTH: something objectively verifiable in the world
(has to be proved)

-Adversial Model: when arguers are in a conflict (always a winner or a loser)

-interests are the reasons for wanting what we want

If you think of it before you act, it is a reason. If you think of it afterwards it is an excuse. -Dr Preston

Motivation Notes

-Motivation: theoretical construct used to explain behavior

-It's what we do to show how we feel

-"We seek pleasure and we avoid pain."

-All of us are good at something, but most of us dont know what it is.

-exrinsic motivation: comes from an outside source (applause, trophey, congradulations)

-intrinsic motivation: comes from an inside source by making you feel like you've accomplised something